بررسی تجربه مدیران مدارس دوره ابتدایی در مواجهه با مقاومت نسبت به تغییرات در محیط آموزشی مدرسه (مطالعه موردی شهرستان سردشت)
کلمات کلیدی:
محیط آموزشی, مقاومت در برابر تغییر, مدیریت تغییر, مدیران مدرسه, دوره ابتدایی, پدیدارشناسیچکیده
هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر، تبیین تجربه زیسته مدیران مدارس دوره ابتدایی شهرستان سردشت در مواجهه با اشکال مختلف مقاومت نسبت به تغییرات آموزشی و شناسایی عوامل، موانع و راهبردهای مدیریت این مقاومتها بود.
روششناسی: این مطالعه با رویکرد کیفی و به روش پدیدارشناسی انجام شد. مشارکتکنندگان شامل 10 نفر از مدیران مدارس ابتدایی شهرستان سردشت بودند که با روش نمونهگیری هدفمند و تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری انتخاب شدند. دادهها از طریق مصاحبههای نیمهساختاریافته گردآوری شد. روایی مصاحبهها از طریق تأیید استاد راهنما و پایایی از طریق بهکارگیری چارچوب مدون مصاحبه تضمین گردید. تحلیل دادهها با استفاده از روش تفسیری اسمیت و همکاران انجام شد و طی فرایند کدگذاری، مضامین در سه سطح تم، برچسب تم و خوشه تم استخراج گردید.
یافتهها: یافتهها نشان داد مقاومت در برابر تغییر در پنج سطح فردی، سازمانی، گروهی، مدیریتی و نوع تغییرات آموزشی بروز مییابد. در سطح فردی، سه خوشه تم شامل عوامل شناختی ـ روانشناختی، عادت و باورها، و کمبود منابع و توانمندی شناسایی شد. در سطح سازمانی، ساختار و بوروکراسی، فرهنگ مدرسه و کمبود منابع نقش اساسی داشتند. در سطح گروهی، پویاییهای تعاملی، هویت و منافع جمعی و ضعف ارتباطات مدیریتی مؤثر بودند. مقاومت مدیریتی نیز در قالب نگرش محافظهکارانه، ضعف برنامهریزی، کمبود توانمندسازی و فشارهای بیرونی ظاهر شد. همچنین انواع تغییرات روششناختی، سازمانی و محیطی با چالشهای آموزشی، ساختاری و اجتماعی همراه بودند. در نهایت، سه دسته راهبرد ارتباطی ـ مشارکتی، حمایتی ـ توانمندسازی و انگیزشی ـ نظارتی بهعنوان اقدامات مؤثر مدیران استخراج گردید.
نتیجهگیری: مقاومت در برابر تغییر در مدارس ابتدایی پدیدهای چندسطحی و چندبعدی است که ریشه در عوامل فردی، ساختاری، فرهنگی و مدیریتی دارد و مدیریت اثربخش آن مستلزم رویکردی تعاملی، حمایتی و تدریجی در هدایت فرایندهای تحول آموزشی است.
دانلودها
مراجع
Acton, K. S. (2021). School leaders as change agents: Do principals have the tools they need? Management in Education, 35(1), 43-51. https://doi.org/10.1177/08920206209274
Alanoglu, M., Aslan, S., & Karabatak, S. (2022). Do teachers' educational philosophies affect their digital literacy? The mediating effect of resistance to change. [Journal Not Specified], 27, 3447-3466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10753-3
Aldridge, J. M., & McLure, F. I. (2023). Preparing Schools for Educational Change: Barriers and Supports - Systematic Literature Review. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 23(3), 486-511. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2023.2171439
Bah, M. O. P., Sun, Z., Hange, U., & Edjoukou, A. J. R. (2024). Effectiveness of organizational change through employee involvement: Evidence from telecommunications and refinery companies. Sustainability, 16(6), 2524. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062524
Bakır, D., & Altunay, E. (2025). The interplay of school cultural dynamics and change: Exploring the resistance to school change. European Journal of Education, 60(1), e70059-70051-70014. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.70059
Bellibas, M., Polatcan, M., & Berkovich, I. (2025). Principal-Teacher Relationship Profiles Moderating the Effects of Transformational Leadership on Teacher Innovation and Resistance to Change. Educational Administration Quarterly, 1-48. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X251386390
Bellibas, M. Ş., Polatcan, M., & Kılınc, A. Ç. (2022). Linking instructional leadership to teacher practices: The mediating effect of shared practice and agency in learning effectiveness. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 50(5), 812-831. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220945706
Bilge, B., & Konaklı, T. (2024). Leader member exchange as a mediator of the relationship between schools' openness to change and political skills of school principals. Sage Open. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241273936
Borna Khaje, M., Mahmoodi, F., & Adib, Y. (2022). Studying the primary schools towards formal curriculum: Grounded Theory Study. Journal of Theory & Practice in Curriculum, 19(10), 373-408. https://ensani.ir/fa/article/509053/
Dadzie, P. S., & Mensah, M. (2022). Change Management in Libraries: The Case of the University of Ghana Library System (UGLS). Library Leadership & Management, 36(1). https://doi.org/10.5860/llm.v36i1.7496
Darjan, I. (2024). Resistance to Change in the Romanian Educational System: Challenges and Opportunities. [Journal Not Specified]. https://doi.org/10.35923/jes.2024.1.10
Deif, M., Bounceur, A., Mouakket, S., Hafez, M., & Elhoseny, M. (2025). A multi-agent framework for detecting and forecasting silent resistance in organizational communication: Implications for open innovation dynamics. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 11, 100646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2025.100646
Del Val, M. P., & Fuentes, C. M. (2003). Resistance to change: A literature review and empirical study. Management Decision, 41(2), 148-155. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740310457597
DuBosc, B. M., & Mayo, A. (2020). Resistance to change: A concept analysis. Nursing Forum, 55(4), 631-636. https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12479
Ebunolu, N., Nwisagbo, A., Uchechukwu, O., & Amachree, T. (2025). Leading Changes in Education: Strategies for Managing Resistance and Building Buy-In. International Journal of Educational Management, 1, 387-402.
Emani, M. (2014). Investigating the Impact of Managers' Power Sources on Employee Resistance to Organizational Change (Case Study: Administrative and Financial Deputy of the Central Organization of Islamic Azad University). Quarterly Journal of Educational Psychology, 5(1), 30-50.
Finefter-Rosenbluh, I. (2022). Discipline lessons from American faith-based autonomous schools: a narrative of power and 'minipublic' ideology. Journal of Education Policy, 37(2), 308-333. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2020.1785014
Fullan, M. (1997). The complexity of the change process In M. Fullan (Ed.), The challenge of school change. Illinois: Skylight Training and Publishing.
Grama, B., & Todericiu, R. (2016). Change, resistance to change and organizational cynicism. Studies in Business and Economics, 11(3), 47-54. https://doi.org/10.1515/sbe-2016-0034
Hadi Vijnad, M., & Safikhani, H. (2016). Exploring the phenomenon of resistance to change in universities using hermeneutic phenomenology. Perspectives on Public Administration, 28, 111-135. https://jpap.sbu.ac.ir/article_95868.html
Ijaz, S., & Vitalis, A. (2011). Resistance to organizational change: Putting the jigsaw together. International Review of Business Research Papers, 7(3), 112-121.
Imani, M. R. (2014). Examining the impact of managers' sources of power on employee resistance to organizational changes (Case study: Administrative and Financial Deputy of the Central Organization of Islamic Azad University). Quarterly Journal of Educational Psychology, 5(1), 33-50. https://civilica.com/doc/1596602/
Jones, S. L., & Van de Ven, A. H. (2016). The changing nature of change resistance: An examination of the moderating impact of time. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 52(4), 482-506. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886316671409
Khaw, K. W., Alnoor, A., Al-Abrrow, H., Tiberius, V., Ganesan, Y., & Atshan, N. A. (2022). Reactions towards organizational change: a systematic literature review. Current Psychology, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03070-6
Korumaz, M., Kilic, G. N., & Kocabas, I. (2020). The lived experience of principals for managing change in their schools: A phenomenological research. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching, 8(2), 1038-1062.
Lomba-Portela, L., Domínguez-Lloria, S., & Pino-Juste, M. R. (2022). Resistances to educational change: Teachers' perceptions. Education Sciences, 12, 359-351-312. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12050359
Metz, M. (2021). Overview of change in organizations: Resistance to change. Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, 21(1), 611-620. https://doi.org/10.61801/OUAESS.21.1.85
Mir Arab Razi, R. (2015). Explaining the reasons for the failure of educational reforms and the level of teacher resistance. Quarterly Journal of Curriculum Studies in Iran, 10(38). https://www.jcsicsa.ir/article_60760.html
Mohammadi, J., Nadaf, M., & Safarian, S. (2017). Explaining the impact of trust and organizational health on employee resistance to change in public organizations, considering the mediating role of organizational commitment (Case study: Ahvaz Municipality). Journal of Public Administration, 9(1), 85-106. https://jipa.ut.ac.ir/m/article_63091.html
Oreg, S. (2018). Resistance to change and performance: Toward a more even-handed view of dispositional resistance. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 54(1), 88-107. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886317741867
Rahimian, H., Taheri, M., & Vaisi, R. (2015). The role of transformational leadership in employees' readiness for change in elementary schools. Quarterly Journal of Leadership Research in Educational Management, 2(6), 83-95. https://jrlat.atu.ac.ir/article_7933.html
Roushanai, M. R., Hosseini Arani, A., & Yarmohammadi Asl, M. (2022). Predicting resistance to change based on attachment styles and cognitive flexibility. Journal of Military Psychology, 13, 147-168. https://civilica.com/doc/1610048/
Sadat Sadr, N., Khurakian, A., & Malekzadeh, G. R. (2020). The impact of emotional commitment on employee resistance to change through attitudes and readiness for change. Quarterly Journal of Management Science and Research (Improvement and Transformation), 9(96), 101-120. https://jmsd.atu.ac.ir/article_11603.html
Safar, S. (2010). Examining managers' sources of power and their relationship with organizational climate from the perspective of school teachers. Quarterly Journal of Recent Advances in Industrial-Organizational Psychology, 1(3), 41-48. https://www.magiran.com/paper/871
Sverdlik, N., & Oreg, S. (2022). Beyond the individual-level conceptualization of dispositional resistance to change: Multilevel effects on the response to organizational change. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 44(1), 108-127. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2678
Tintore, M., Serrao, R., Cunha, R., & Matias, J. (2020). A scoping review of problems and challenges faced by school leaders (2003-2019). Educational Management Administration & Leadership. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220942527
Waddell, D., & Sohal, A. S. (1998). Resistance: A constructive tool for change management. Management Decision, 36(8), 543-548. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251749810232628
Yari Zangeh, M. (2023). Examining the role of managers' attitudes toward change and human resource development with knowledge management in university libraries. Journal of Information Science and Management, 9(4). https://stim.qom.ac.ir/article_2610.html
Zolak Poljasevic, B., Gricnik, A. M., & Sarotar, S. (2025). Human resource management in public administration: The ongoing tension between reform requirements and resistance to change. Administrative Sciences, 15(3), 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15030094
دانلود
چاپ شده
ارسال
بازنگری
پذیرش
شماره
نوع مقاله
مجوز
حق نشر 2025 Zeinab Ghaderi, Kamal Afani (Author)

این پروژه تحت مجوز بین المللی Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 می باشد.