مدیریت خانواده در مدارس ایران: رویکرد فراترکیبی-انتقادی
کلمات کلیدی:
مدیریت خانواده, برنامه درسی, فراترکیب, مدارس ایران, آموزش خانواده, برنامهریزی درسی, مهارتهای زندگیچکیده
هدف: هدف این پژوهش شناسایی، تلفیق و تبیین ابعاد، مؤلفهها و شاخصهای برنامه درسی مدیریت خانواده در مدارس ایران با استفاده از رویکرد فراترکیبی-انتقادی و ارائه یک چارچوب مفهومی جامع برای برنامهریزی درسی این حوزه بود.
روششناسی: پژوهش حاضر از نوع کیفی و با استفاده از روش فراترکیب انجام شد. فرایند پژوهش بر اساس الگوی هفتمرحلهای سندلوسکی و باروسو طراحی گردید. جامعه پژوهش شامل مطالعات منتشرشده در حوزه مدیریت خانواده، آموزش خانواده و برنامهریزی درسی در پایگاههای علمی فارسی و انگلیسی طی سالهای 2000 تا 2022 برای منابع انگلیسی و 1380 تا 1401 برای منابع فارسی بود. در مرحله جستجوی اولیه، 460 مطالعه شناسایی شد که پس از غربالگری بر اساس معیارهای ورود و خروج و ارزیابی کیفیت با استفاده از چکلیست CASP، تعداد 46 مقاله برای تحلیل نهایی انتخاب شد. دادهها از طریق کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی تحلیل شدند و برای بررسی پایایی از ضریب کاپای کوهن استفاده شد.
یافتهها: نتایج فراترکیب نشان داد که برنامه درسی مدیریت خانواده در مدارس ایران دارای چهار بعد اصلی شامل اهداف، محتوا، روشهای تدریس و ارزشیابی است. این ابعاد در قالب 12 مقوله اصلی و 70 مفهوم فرعی سازمان یافتند. بعد اهداف شامل مقولههای شناختی، عاطفی، ارتباطی، اخلاق و تعهد، مهارتی، سادهزیستی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی بود. بعد محتوا بر انتخاب و سازماندهی محتوای مرتبط با زندگی واقعی، ارزشهای خانوادگی و مسائل اجتماعی تأکید داشت. در بعد روشهای تدریس، راهبردهای فعال و مشارکتی مانند پرسشگری، گفتوگو، حل مسئله، ایفای نقش و بهرهگیری از فناوریهای آموزشی شناسایی شد. همچنین بعد ارزشیابی شامل استمرار ارزشیابی و سنجش عملکرد بود. ضریب کاپای 0.684 نیز بیانگر توافق معتبر میان کدگذاران و قابلیت اعتماد مدل نهایی بود.
نتیجهگیری: یافتههای پژوهش نشان داد که مدیریت خانواده یک حوزه چندبعدی و میانرشتهای است که باید بهصورت نظاممند در برنامه درسی مدارس مورد توجه قرار گیرد. الگوی استخراجشده میتواند مبنایی برای طراحی برنامههای آموزشی خانوادهمحور، توسعه مهارتهای زندگی، ارتقای سواد اقتصادی، تقویت مسئولیتپذیری اجتماعی و بهبود تعامل میان خانواده و مدرسه باشد. همچنین این چارچوب میتواند به سیاستگذاران و برنامهریزان درسی در تدوین برنامههای آموزشی متناسب با نیازهای خانواده ایرانی کمک کند.
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حق نشر 2025 Parvin Tajmohammadi, Aliasghar Mashinchi, Seyed Ahmad Hashemi (Author)

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