Developing a Structural Model of Students' Happiness based on Resilience, Self-Esteem and School Satisfaction with the Mediation of Self-Efficacy

Abstract

Purpose: The present research was conducted with the aim of developing a structural model of students' happiness based on resilience, self-esteem and school satisfaction with the mediation of self-efficacy. Methodology: The method of the current research was descriptive-correlation type, which was carried out in the form of path analysis model. The statistical population of this research was made up of female students of the second level of high school in areas 2 and 5 of Tehran, who were studying in different fields of study in the academic year of 2022-2023. To determine the sample size, the principles of determining the sample size in structural equation modeling were used and 400 people were selected as a sample, which was selected using a multi-stage cluster random method. Data collection was based on Oxford happiness questionnaires, Connor and Davidson resilience scale, Cooper Smith self-esteem questionnaire, Morris adolescent self-efficacy questionnaire, and school satisfaction subscale related to the multidimensional scale of students' life satisfaction, which was Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The scores of the questionnaires were 0.93, 0.91, 0.89, 0.88, and 0.88, respectively, and their face and content validity was confirmed using experts' opinions. Data analysis was done with SPSS and AMOS software. Findings: The results of the path analysis showed that the main research model fits the collected data and all the goodness of fit indices were excellent (CFI=1, RMSEA=0.000, X2=0). Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, there is a direct and indirect relationship between all three exogenous variables in the model (resilience, self-esteem and school satisfaction) with the main endogenous variable (happiness). And self-efficacy variable mediates the relationship between these variables.