Presentation of a Structural Model for the Physical Education Curriculum Framework Considering the Existing Challenges (Case Study: Farhangian University)

Abstract

Purpose: The present study aims to propose a structural model for the physical education curriculum framework at Farhangian University, considering the existing challenges. Methodology: To achieve this objective, a quantitative study was conducted using a researcher-developed questionnaire consisting of 100 closed-ended questions with a five-point Likert scale. This questionnaire was developed based on a qualitative model derived from grounded theory following the Strauss and Corbin framework. The research method employed is correlational. The measurement tool included a questionnaire, with its items formulated based on interviews with university faculty members. The questions were categorized into five main domains: (1) causal (primary) factors; (2) contextual factors; (3) intervening factors; (4) strategies; and (5) outcomes. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed by experts and scholars in the field of sports management. Face and content validity were assessed using the Lawshe method, while convergent and discriminant validity, as well as Cronbach's alpha reliability (0.82) and composite reliability (0.85), were examined and confirmed in the measurement model. The statistical population comprised all students of Farhangian University across the country who had completed at least four academic semesters. A total of 358 physical education students were selected through a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. In this study, structural equation modeling (SEM) using Partial Least Squares (PLS) software was employed to test and fit the physical education curriculum framework. For data analysis, the demographic characteristics and descriptive statistics of the components were initially examined. A one-sample t-test was used to test the mean values of the variables, and the correlation matrix between the components was computed as a prerequisite for multivariate tests. Subsequently, the research model was tested using a variance-based structural equation modeling approach. The data analysis was performed and fitted using the variance-based SEM approach. The factor loadings for the items and components were all above 0.40, and the validity and reliability indices were confirmed. Findings: Within the structural model framework, causal conditions indirectly influenced outcomes through intervening and contextual factors as well as strategies. The total effect was 61.9, which was statistically significant. Furthermore, the model fit indices confirmed the adequacy of the proposed model.Conclusion: The study's findings indicated that the proposed structural model for the physical education curriculum at Farhangian University exhibits a good fit, with causal, intervening, and contextual factors having a significant impact on outcomes.