The Effectiveness of Purposeful Group Games During Physical Education Classes on the Dimensions of Personality Development in Secondary School Students
Keywords:
Purposeful Group Games, Personality Development, Physical Education, Secondary School Students, Social Skills, Physical Education ClassesAbstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of purposeful group games during physical education classes on the dimensions of personality development among secondary school students in Tehran. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group structure. The statistical population consisted of secondary school students in Tehran during the 2021 academic year. A total of 60 students were selected through multistage cluster sampling and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in an 8-week purposeful group games program during physical education classes, while the control group continued the regular school curriculum. Data were collected using the Johnson and McCrae Adolescent Personality Development Questionnaire (2011), which measures social responsibility, emotional stability, self-confidence, interpersonal cooperation, and self-regulation. Data analysis was conducted using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) in SPSS-27. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance revealed that purposeful group games had a significant effect on the dimensions of personality development among students (P<0.001). The experimental group demonstrated significantly higher posttest scores than the control group in social responsibility, emotional stability, self-confidence, interpersonal cooperation, and self-regulation. Effect size indices also indicated that the intervention accounted for a considerable proportion of the variance in personality development outcomes. The greatest effects were observed in self-confidence and interpersonal cooperation. The findings suggest that purposeful group games implemented during physical education classes can serve as an effective strategy for enhancing various dimensions of personality development in secondary school students. Through increasing social interaction, strengthening responsibility, improving emotional skills, and creating positive participatory experiences, such activities contribute to adolescents’ psychological and social growth. Therefore, integrating purposeful group games into school physical education programs is strongly recommended.
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